The Most Shocking Result in World Cup History | FiveThirtyEight

Nate Silver reflects on a big FiveThirtyEight prediction miss

"Statistical models can fail at the extreme tails of a probability distribution. There often isn’t enough historical data to distinguish a 1-in-400 from a 1-in-4,000 from a 1-in-40,000 probability. (This is some of the basis of Nassim Taleb’s book “The Black Swan.”)

We can, however, at least confirm that the match was an extreme outlier from the standpoint of past World Cup matches. There have been 833 matches played since the World Cup began in 1930. Based on the scoreline, this was the most unlikely result."

The Most Shocking Result in World Cup History | FiveThirtyEight